As the consumption of existing fossil fuels such as coal and oil continues to increase, and as ecological conditions deteriorate—exemplified by global warming—humankind has been compelled to seek new clean energy sources and renewable resources. Over the past few decades, the development of renewable energy has become a major research focus both domestically and internationally. Solar energy, owing to its vast reserves, lack of pollution, and safety, has emerged as one of the large-scale, widely applied clean energy sources of the 21 century, and the research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems has become a hot topic. For photovoltaic power generation systems, precise current measurement is fundamental to ensuring their reliable and efficient operation. The development of high-performance current sensors is of great significance for enhancing the practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems.

For photovoltaic power generation systems to operate efficiently and reliably, high‑precision, dependable control is essential, and the effectiveness and reliability of various control methods depend on accurate current‑signal measurement. Unlike conventional power generation systems, photovoltaic systems exhibit a significant common‑mode current issue. Due to the presence of common‑mode current, traditional residual‑current protection techniques are not as effective in grid‑connected photovoltaic systems as initially anticipated. As the scale of grid‑connected photovoltaics continues to expand, enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of residual‑current protection in such systems first requires addressing the accurate detection and identification of leakage currents. At the same time, for photovoltaic power generation systems, precise current measurement is necessary to improve power quality and ensure the reliability and safety of the system.